Electrical Machines
For standing a DC motor a starter is required because

None of these
  it limits the starting current to a safe value.
  It starts the motor.
  it limits the speed of the motor.

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Electrical Machines
In a loaded DC generator, if the brushes are given a shift from the interpolar axis in the direction of rotation, then the commutation will

 deteriorate with fall of terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with rise in terminal voltage.
 improve with fall of terminal voltage.
 improve with rise in terminal voltage.

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