Electrical Machines
For standing a DC motor a starter is required because

None of these
  it limits the speed of the motor.
  It starts the motor.
  it limits the starting current to a safe value.

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Electrical Machines
In a DC shunt generator working on load, the brushes are moved forward in the direction of rotation, as a result of this, commutation will

  worsen and terminal voltage will rise.
  worsen and terminal voltage will fall
  improve and terminal voltage will rise .
 improve but terminal voltage will fall.

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