Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
The horizontal component of force on a curved surface is equal to the

weight of liquid vertically above the curved surface
product of pressure intensity at its centroid and area
force on a vertical projection of the curved surface
force on the horizontal projection of the curved surface

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
True one-dimensional flow occurs when

the magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid
the velocity of successive fluid par-ticles, at any point, is the same at suc-cessive periods of time
the direction and magnitude of the veiocity at all points are identical
the fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline pat-terns are identical in each plane

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