Mass Transfer
For a binary mixture distillation process, the degree of freedom is 2. However, if the pressure is fixed in this process, the number of independent variables in this process will be

Mass Transfer
Blowdown in a cooling tower

Is undesirable
Means discarding a small fraction of circulating water to prevent and limit the concentration of salt and impurities
All of these
Increases the scale forming tendencies of water

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Mass Transfer
Molecular diffusion is caused by the

Transfer of molecules from low concentration to high concentration region
Activation energy of the molecules
Potential energy of the molecules
Thermal energy of the molecules

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