Process Control and Instrumentation
Flow rate of those fluids which are insensitive to changes in their density, viscosity or flow velocity profile can be best measured by a

Turbine flowmeter
Magnetic flowmeter
Pitot tube
Flow nozzle type flowmeter

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Process Control and Instrumentation
The Laplace transform of exp(at), where a > 0, is defined only for the Laplace parameter, s > a since

The Laplace transform integral of exp(at) has initial values only for s > a
The function is exponential
The function exp(at) is piece-wise continuous only for s > a
The Laplace transform of integral of exp(at) has finite values only for s > a

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