Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Expansion ratio is the ratio of

Swept volume to the clearance volume
Volume at cut-off to the swept volume
Swept volume to the volume at cut-off
Clearance volume to the swept volume

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The function of a valve rod is

To provide reciprocating motion to the slide valve
To convert reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank
To provide simple harmonic motion to the D-slide valve
To convert rotary motion of the crankshaft into to and fro motion of the valve rod

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The ultimate analysis of fuel lists

Various chemical constituents, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen etc, plus ash as percents by volume
Fuel constituents as percents by weight of moisture, volatile, fixed carbon and ash
Various chemical constituents, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, etc, plus ash as percents by weight
Fuel constituents as percents by volume of moisture, volatile, fixed carbon and ash

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