System Analysis and Design
Advantages of Relational Database Management systems are

Security controls can be more easily implemented.
All of these
Flexibility, of relating different logical files
None of these
Data independence since it allows the database to grow by adding new attributes and relations.

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System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

None of these
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable
is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.
assumes that the black box is independent
All of these

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