Mass Transfer
Design calculation for multiple component distillation is done by

Ponchon-Savarit method
Mccabe-Thiele method
Enthalpy concentration method
Tray to tray calculations

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Mass Transfer
Blowdown in a cooling tower

All of these
Means discarding a small fraction of circulating water to prevent and limit the concentration of salt and impurities
Is undesirable
Increases the scale forming tendencies of water

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