Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Cut-off ratio is the ratio of

Volume at cut-off to the clearance volume
Clearance volume to the volume at cut-off
Volume at cut-off to the swept volume
Swept volume to the volume at cut-off

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Carbonization of coal is the process of

Strongly heating coal continuously for about 48 hours in the absence of air in a closed vessel
Pulverizing coal in inert atmosphere
Heating wood in a limited supply of air at temperatures below 300°C
Binding the pulverized coal into briquettes

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