Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Cut-off ratio is the ratio of

Volume at cut-off to the swept volume
Clearance volume to the volume at cut-off
Volume at cut-off to the clearance volume
Swept volume to the volume at cut-off

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The diagram factor is the ratio of the

Actual mean effective pressure to the theoretical mean effective pressure
Actual workdone per stroke to the theoretical workdone per stroke
Area of the actual indicator diagram to the area of theoretical indicator diagram
Any one of the above

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In fire tube boilers

The flames and hot gases pass through the tubes which are surrounded by water
Forced circulation takes place
Water passes through the tubes which are surrounded by flames and hot gases
None of these

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