Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Cut-off ratio is the ratio of

Swept volume to the volume at cut-off
Volume at cut-off to the swept volume
Volume at cut-off to the clearance volume
Clearance volume to the volume at cut-off

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In designing air preheaters, the important design consideration is that

Stack gases should not be cooled to the dew point
Handling and maintenance should be easier
Heat transfer area should be optimum
Approach temperature should be as low as possible

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