Plant Structure
Cellular metabolism is an example of

steady-state metabolism
a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions
equilibrium metabolism
a series of reactions that defy the second law of thermodynamics

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Plant Structure
Why do some redox reactions in cells result in the transfer of electrons from a reductant with a higher standard redox potential to an oxidant with a lower standard redox potential?

None of these
Electrons always go from reductants with high redox potentials to oxidants with low redox potentials
Redox potentials are defined under standard conditions, and cellular conditions are typically not standard conditions
The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo

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Plant Structure
Any system that is not at equilibrium

is thermodynamically unstable, although it may be kinetically stable
requires an enzyme to reach equilibrium
is kinetically unstable, although it may be thermodynamically stable
is rushing toward equilibrium at a very rapid rate

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Plant Structure
Which of the following statements about mitochondrial proteins is true?

All mitochondrial proteins are coded for and synthesized in the mitochondria
Some mitochondrial proteins are coded for and synthesized in the mitochondria and others
All mitochondrial proteins are imported from the cytoplasm
Mitochondrial proteins arise from other mitochondrial proteins

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