Plant Structure
Cellular metabolism is an example of

a series of reactions that defy the second law of thermodynamics
equilibrium metabolism
a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions
steady-state metabolism

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Plant Structure
Which of the following observations is not used as evidence to support the concept of endosymbiotic origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Both can live and function independently of the cell
Both have their own DNA
Both have their own ribosomes
Both strongly resemble prokaryotes, especially in size

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Plant Structure
The mitochondria were known in the nineteenth century to be osmotically active on the basis of evidence that

mitochondria are surrounded by a semi permeable membrane
the mitochondrial matrix is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm
mitochondria were derived from a symbiotic bacterium
the mitochondrial matrix is hypotonic to the cellular cytoplasm

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Plant Structure
Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory?

Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria was shown to inhibit electron transport, but had no effect on ATP synthesis
Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium
An artificial proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport
Electron transport in isolated mitochondria was shown to result in acidification of the medium

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