Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Carbonization of coal is the process of

Heating wood in a limited supply of air at temperatures below 300°C
Pulverizing coal in inert atmosphere
Strongly heating coal continuously for about 48 hours in the absence of air in a closed vessel
Binding the pulverized coal into briquettes

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The diagram factor is the ratio of the

Actual mean effective pressure to the theoretical mean effective pressure
Area of the actual indicator diagram to the area of theoretical indicator diagram
Actual workdone per stroke to the theoretical workdone per stroke
Any one of the above

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Spontaneous combustion is a phenomenon in which

Coal bursts into flame without any external ignition source but by itself due to gradual increase in temperature as a result of heat released by combination of oxygen with coal
Explosion in furnace
All the fuel burns instantaneously producing high energy release
Fuel burns with less air

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