Engineering Thermodynamics
Carbonization of coal consists of

Moulding the finely ground coal under pressure with or without a binding material
Drying and crushing the coal to a fine powder
Heating the wood with a limited supply of air to temperature not less than 280°C
None of these

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Engineering Thermodynamics
The mass of flue gas per kg of fuel is the ratio of the

Mass of oxygen in 1 kg of fuel to the mass of oxygen in 1 kg of flue gas
Mass of carbon in 1 kg of flue gas to the mass of carbon in 1 kg of fuel
Mass of carbon in 1 kg of fuel to the mass of carbon in 1 kg of flue gas
Mass of oxygen in 1 kg of flue gas to the mass of oxygen in 1 kg of fuel

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Engineering Thermodynamics
Work-done during adiabatic expansion is given by (where p1 v1, T1 = Pressure, volume and temperature for the initial condition of gas, p2, v2, T2 = Corresponding values for the final condition of gas, R = Gas constant, and γ = Ratio of specific heats)

[m R T1/(γ - 1)][1 - (p2, v2 /p1 v1)]
[m R (T1 - T2)] /(γ - 1)
All of these
(p1 v1 - p2, v2)/(γ - 1)

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