Manufacturing And Production Technology
The primary purpose of a sprue in a casting mould is to

Help feed the casting until all solidification takes place
Feed the casting at a rate consistent with the rate of solidification
Feed molten metal from the pouring basin to the gate
Act as a reservoir for molten metal

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Manufacturing And Production Technology
In a shaper, the length of stroke is increased by

Increasing the centre distance of bull gear and crank pin
Decreasing the centre distance of bull gear and crank pin
Decreasing the length of the slot in the slotted lever
Increasing the length of the arm

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