Fuels and Combustion
Bomb calorimeter is used to determine the (where, GCV - Gross Calorific Value. NCV - Net Calorific Value.)

NCV at constant volume
GCV at constant pressure
NCV at constant pressure
GCV at constant volume

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Fuels and Combustion
Producer gas containing least amount of tar is produced by the

Partial combustion of coal
Atmospheric pressure gasification of coal (e.g., in Kopper-Totzek gasifier)
Partial combustion of large size (< 50 mm) coke
High pressure gasification of coal (e.g. in Lurgi gasifier)

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