Carbohydrate
Boat and chair conformations are found

in pyranose sugars
only in D-glucopyranose
in any sugar without equatorial -OH groups
in any sugar without axial -OH groups

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Carbohydrate
When living organisms are cooled below some critical body temperature, the metabolic reactions within their cells cease to function properly. This malfunction occurs because

the activation energy for the reaction is raised
enzyme active sites become permanently bound to substrates
there is insufficient molecular motion for substrates to interact
their enzymes lose the proper three-dimensional shape

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Carbohydrate
Which of the following does not occur during gluconeogenesis?

The conversion of PEP to fructose bisphosphate
The decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate
The carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate
The conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

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