Mass Transfer
Blowdown in a cooling tower

Is undesirable
All of these
Means discarding a small fraction of circulating water to prevent and limit the concentration of salt and impurities
Increases the scale forming tendencies of water

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Mass Transfer
A distillation column with N plates is being operated under normal conditions. At some point of time, the operation is shifted to total reflux condition (i.e., no product and residue are being withdrawn and feed to the column is stopped). At the new steady state,

Composition of vapors and that of liquid do not vary throughout the column
The top and bottom compositions correspond to the maximum enrichment available
Reboiler load and condenser load are minimum
The top and bottom compositions are unchanged with and without total reflux

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Mass Transfer
A 25 cm x 25 cm x 1 cm flat sheet weighing 1.2 kg initially was dried from both sides under constant drying rate conditions. It took 1500 seconds for the weight of the sheet to reduce to 1.05 kg. Another 1m x 1m x 1cm flat sheet of the same material is to be dried from one side only.Under the same constant drying rate conditions, the time required for drying (in seconds) from its initial weight of 19.2 kg to 17.6 kg is

1000
2500
1500
2000

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