Mass Transfer
In case of an absorber, the operating

Line always lies above the equilibrium curve
Velocity is more than the loading velocity
Line can be either above or below the equilibrium curve
Line always lies below the equilibrium curve

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Mass Transfer
If the solubilities of different components (in a liquid-liquid extraction system) increase with rise in temperature, then the temperature above which they dissolve completely is known as the critical solution temperature (CST or consolute temperature). If solubilities increase with decrease in temperature, then CST is the temperature below which they dissolve completely. If a binary system has no critical solution temperature, it implies that

The system comprises of an azeotrope
On heating, a vapor phase will appear ; while on cooling, a solid phase will appear
The system comprises of partially mis-cible liquids
The system comprises of miscible liquids

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Mass Transfer
An aqueous solution of methanol is to be distilled in a tray column. High pressure steam is available as a source of heat. For a given reflux ratio and overhead composition, two options are being explored; (i) a reboiler is used and (ii) no reboiler is used but steam is fed directly to the bottom of the column. As compared to option (i), in option (ii)

More number of trays are required and the residue composition is more dilute in methanol
Composition of the residue remains unchanged
Less number of trays are required
More number of trays are required but the residue composition remains unchanged

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