Mass Transfer
As the reflux ratio in a distillation coloumn is increased from the minimum, the

Total cost first decreases and then increases
Number of plates decreases very slowly first and then more and more rapidly
Liquid flow increases while the vapor flow decreases for a system
Slope of the operating line in stripping section decreases

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Mass Transfer
In a counter-current liquid extractor

Liquid's flow rate depends upon the temperature and pressure
Both liquids flow at fixed rate
Both liquids can have any desired flow rate
Only one of the liquids may be pumped at any desired rate

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Mass Transfer
Plate efficiency

Increases due to liquid entrainment
Increases due to weeping and dumping of liquid
Is a function of the mass transfer between liquid and vapour
Increases due to foaming

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