Mass Transfer
As the reflux ratio in a distillation coloumn is increased from the minimum, the

Liquid flow increases while the vapor flow decreases for a system
Number of plates decreases very slowly first and then more and more rapidly
Slope of the operating line in stripping section decreases
Total cost first decreases and then increases

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Mass Transfer
Steam distillation is used to

Increase the total pressure of distillation
Increase the efficiency of separation
Reduce the number of plates
Avoid thermal decomposition of a component

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Mass Transfer
If a two phase system is in physical equilibrium; then it means that, the

Temperature of the liquid phase is equal to that of the vapor phase
Total pressure throughout the liquid phase is equal to that throughout the vapor phase
Escaping tendency of each component from the liquid phase to the vapor phase is exactly equal to that from vapor phase to liquid phase
All of these

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