Mass Transfer
As the reflux ratio in a distillation coloumn is increased from the minimum, the

Total cost first decreases and then increases
Liquid flow increases while the vapor flow decreases for a system
Number of plates decreases very slowly first and then more and more rapidly
Slope of the operating line in stripping section decreases

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Mass Transfer
To get high tray efficiency

Time of contact between the two phases should be less
Gas velocity should be very low
Liquid entrainment should be severe
Interfacial surface between liquid and gas phase should be large

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Mass Transfer
An aqueous solution of methanol is to be distilled in a tray column. High pressure steam is available as a source of heat. For a given reflux ratio and overhead composition, two options are being explored; (i) a reboiler is used and (ii) no reboiler is used but steam is fed directly to the bottom of the column. As compared to option (i), in option (ii)

More number of trays are required but the residue composition remains unchanged
Composition of the residue remains unchanged
Less number of trays are required
More number of trays are required and the residue composition is more dilute in methanol

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