RCC Structures Design
As the percentage of steel increases

Depth of neutral axis increases
Lever arm decreases
Lever arm increases
Depth of neutral axis decreases

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RCC Structures Design
The spacing of transverse reinforcement of column is decided by the following consideration.

The least lateral dimension of the column
All listed here
Sixteen times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal reinforcing rods in the column
Forty-eight times the diameter of transverse reinforcement

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RCC Structures Design
If p₁ and p₂ are mutually perpendicular principal stresses acting on a soil mass, the normal stress on any plane inclined at angle θ° to the principal plane carrying the principal stress p₁, is:

[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] sin 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] sin 2θ

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