Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A tank of uniform cross-sectional area (A) containing liquid upto height (H1) has an orifice of cross-sectional area (a) at its bottom. The time required to bring the liquid level from H1 to H2 will be

2A × √H₁/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × (√H3/2 - √H3/2)/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × √H₂/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × (√H₁ - √H₂)/Cd × a × √(2g)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)

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