Physics
Why are we able to hear short wave broadcasts better than long wave broadcasts ?

Short waves are more energetic than long waves.
By convention, short waves are meant for long distances, whereas long waves are reserved for short distances.
Short waves are unaffected by atmospheric disturbances.
Short wave broadcasts are made by nearby radio stations.

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Physics
The wall of a dam is broader at the base

To withstand pressure that increases in a horizontal plane
To withstand pressure that increases with depth
To withstand pressure that is increased with atmospheric pressure
Because streamlining is required

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