Machine Design
An alien bolt is

Same as stud
Provided with hexagonal depression in head
Used in high speed components
Self locking bolt

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Machine Design
The effective stress in wire ropes during normal working is equal to the stress due to

Axial load plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Axial load plus stress due to bending
Bending plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Acceleration/retardation of masses plus stress due to bending

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