Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The function of a valve rod is

To convert rotary motion of the crankshaft into to and fro motion of the valve rod
To convert reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank
To provide reciprocating motion to the slide valve
To provide simple harmonic motion to the D-slide valve

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The theoretical indicator diagram of a simple steam engine is based upon the assumption that

The expansion (or compression) of the steam is hyperbolic
All of these
There is no pressure drop due to condensation
Steam is admitted at boiler pressure and exhausted at condenser pressure

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