Furnace Technology
Advantages of use of preheated combustion air are

Increase in flame temperature
Reduction in scale losses
All of these
Saving in fuel consumption

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Furnace Technology
Turn down ratio of a burner

Is the ratio of maximum to minimum permissible heat input rates
Should be as low as possible i.e., 1 : 2
Should be 1:1 for a batch type furnace.
Is normally much more for a continuous furnace as compared to a batch furnace

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Furnace Technology
The reason for excessive clinker formation in gas producers is the

Use of coal/coke containing a high % of fines and ash
Development of hot spots in the fuel bed and an abnormally high rate of gasification
Use of fuel having too low an ash fusion temperature
All of these

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