Refractory Technology
Addition of grog in fireclay brick during its manufacture is advantageous, because it results in

All of these
High strength & thermal spalling resistance
Less shrinkage in heating, decreased apparent porosity & increased specific gravity
Less addition of water to get a workable plasticity & lesser time required for drying the raw refractories and hence increased rate of production

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Refractory Technology
Quartz is

All of these
Transformed to crystoballite on heating above 1470°C
Converted to tridymite on firing between 870 to 1470°C
Stable form of silica upto 870°C

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