Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of boiler shell (t) is greater than 8 mm, then the diameter of rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
None of these

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Machine Design
The angle of twist of shaft is

Inversely proportional to (shaft diameter)²
Directly proportional to (shaft diameter)⁴
Directly proportional to (shaft diameter)²
Inversely proportional to (shaft diameter)⁴

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