Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of boiler shell (t) is greater than 8 mm, then the diameter of rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
None of these

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Machine Design
Slenderness ratio is the ratio of

Width of column to depth of column
Maximum size of column to minimum size of column
Effective length of column to width of column
Effective length of column to least radius of gyration of the column

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