Mass Transfer
Absorption factor method is used to calculate the number of ideal stages, when

Operating line lies above the equilibrium line
Both operating and equilibrium lines are parallel
Operating line lies below the equilibrium line
Pressure drop in the column is very high

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Mass Transfer
The rate of solid-liquid extraction is limited by the

Phase change of the solute as it dissolves in the solvent
Diffusion of the solute through the solvent in the pores to the outside of the particle
Diffusion of the solute from the solution in contact with the particle to the main bulk of the solution
All of these

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