Computer Networking
A WATS arrangement

None of these
is always less expensive than flat-rate service
is less expensive than flat-rate service only when the number of calls is small and the duration of each is long
is never less expensive than flat-rate service
is less expensive than flat-rate service only when the number of calls is large and the duration of each is short

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Computer Networking
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is

a TCP/IP protocol used to dynamically bind a high level IP Address to a low-level physical hardware address
a TCP/IP high level protocol for transferring files from one machine to another
None of these
a protocol used to monitor computers
a protocol that handles error and control messages

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Computer Networking
What is the purpose of Spanning Tree Protocol in a switched LAN?

To manage the VLAN database across multiple switches
To provide a mechanism for network monitoring in switched environments
To prevent routing loops in networks with redundant paths
To create collision domains
To prevent switching loops in networks with redundant switched paths

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