Analog Electronics
A voltage regulator is a circuit which

None of these
  smoothed the AC variation in DC output voltage.
  maintains constant DC output voltage inspite of the fluctu
  converts the AC voltage to DC voltage.

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Analog Electronics
For transistor action

  the emitter should be heavily doped.
  all of these.
  the base region must be very thin and lightly doped.
  Je must be forward biased and Jc should be reverse biased.

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Analog Electronics
Optocouplers combine

  Infrared light emitting diode and a silicon photo transistor.
 SITs and BJTs.
 IGBTs and MOSFETs.
 Power transistor and silicon transistor.

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