Growth and Nutrition of Bacteria
A synergistic effect is observed when

All of these
one organism produces a growth factor utilized by another
one organism removes an inhibitory substance for another
microbial alteration of pH, aw, Eh favours the growth of another

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Growth and Nutrition of Bacteria
Generation time is

obtained by expression t/n, where t = time interval, n = number of generation
both (a) and (c)
time required for the population to double
time required for the initial adjustment

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