Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
A standard ice point temperature corresponds to the temperature of

Mixture of ice and water under equilibrium conditions
Ice at 4°C
Solid and dry ice
Water at 0°C

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
In a vapour compression refrigeration system, a throttle valve is used in place of an expander because

It considerably reduces mass of the system
It improves the C.O.P., as the condenser is small
The positive work in isentropic expansion of liquid is very small
It leads to significant cost reduction

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