Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A right circular cylinder open at the top is filled with liquid and rotated about its vertical axis at such a speed that half the liquid spills out, then the pressure intensity at the center of bottom is

zero
one-fourth its value when cylinder was full
cannot be predicted from the given data
one-half its value when cylinder was full

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mach number is significant in

simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of dis-continuity, gravity force, and wave making effects, as with ship’s hulls
all of fhe above
supersonics, as with projectiles and jet propulsion
full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The purpose of a surge tank is

To control the pressure variations due to rapid changes in the pipe line flow
All of these
To regulate flow of water to turbines by providing necessary retarding head of water
To eliminate water hammer possibilities

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