Electrical Machines
A large series motor is never started without some mechanical on it because otherwise it will

 Produce sparking at brushes.
  Develop excessive speed and damage itself.
 Open fuse or circuit breaker.
 Draw too much current.

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Electrical Machines
The armature mmf of a DC machine has

 stepped distribution and rotates at the speed of armature.
  trapezoidal space distribution and is stationary in space.
  triangular space distribution and rotates at the speed of armature.
  triangular space distribution and is stationary in space.

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