Electrical Machines
A large series motor is never started without some mechanical load on it because otherwise it will

 draw too much current.
 develop excessive speed and damage itself.
 open fuse or circuit breaker.
 produce sparking at brushes.

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Electrical Machines
In speed control of DC Series motor, speed lower than the rated speed can be obtained by

 Any of the above.
 Connecting an additional resistance in the armature circuit.
 Connecting an additional resistance in the field circuit.
 Connecting an additional resistance in stator circuit.

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