Electrical Machines
A large series motor is never started without some mechanical load on it because otherwise it will

 open fuse or circuit breaker.
 draw too much current.
 develop excessive speed and damage itself.
 produce sparking at brushes.

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Electrical Machines
Cogging and crawling are phenomena associated with

 any of the above.
 the former at a fraction of its rate speed and the latter during starting.
 the former during starting and the latter at a fraction of its rated speed.
 cage induction machines and they are essentially the same.

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