Electrical Machines
A large series motor is never started without some mechanical load on it because otherwise it will

 open fuse or circuit breaker.
 develop excessive speed and damage itself.
 draw too much current.
 produce sparking at brushes.

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Electrical Machines
In the 3-phase induction motor, the resultant flux is of a constant nature and is

 3 times maximum value of flux due to any phase
 3/2 times maximum value of flux due to any phase
 equal to φm, where φm is the maximum flux due to any phase
 1/2 times maximum value of flux due to any phase

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