Electrical Machines
A large series motor is never started without some mechanical load on it because otherwise it will

 draw too much current.
 produce sparking at brushes.
 develop excessive speed and damage itself.
 open fuse or circuit breaker.

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Electrical Machines
Flashing the field of DC generator means

 increasing flux density by adding extra turns of winding.
  making the magnetic losses forces parallel.
  neutralising residual magnetism.
  creating residual magnetism by a DC source.

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