Irrigation Engineering
A hydraulic jump is generally formed when a stream moving with

A hyper-critical velocity meets a stream moving with a hyper-critical velocity
A hyper-critical velocity meets a stream moving with a critical velocity
A sub-critical velocity meets a stream moving with a hyper-critical velocity
A hyper-critical velocity meets a stream moving with a sub-critical velocity

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Irrigation Engineering
The flow-mass curve is graphical representation of

Discharge and time in chronological order
Cumulative discharge and time
Discharge and percentage probability of flow being equaled or exceeded
Cumulative discharge, volume and time in chronological order

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Irrigation Engineering
If A is the area of the surface, x̅ is the depth of its C.G. from the surface of the water and ω is the density of water, then

Depth of the centre of pressure is 2/3H vertically below the surface
Depth of the point at which total pressure acts is equal to its moment of inertia divided by Ax̅
Total pressure on the surface is equal to ωx̅
All listed here

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