Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A glass tube of small diameter (d) is dipped in fluid. The height of rise or fall in the tube given by (where w = Specific weight of liquid, α = Angle of contact of the liquid surface, and σ = Surface tension)

4σ cosα/wd
4wd/σ cosα
wd/4σ cosα
σ cosα/4wd

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Slip of a reciprocating pump is negative, when

Delivery pipe is long and pump is running at high speeds
Suction pipe is short and pump is running at low speeds
Suction pipe is short and delivery pipe is long and the pump is running at low speeds
Suction pipe is long and delivery pipe is short and the pump is running at high speeds

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