Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A glass tube of small diameter (d) is dipped in fluid. The height of rise or fall in the tube given by (where w = Specific weight of liquid, α = Angle of contact of the liquid surface, and σ = Surface tension)

4σ cosα/wd
σ cosα/4wd
4wd/σ cosα
wd/4σ cosα

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A compound pipe is required to be replaced by a new pipe. The two pipes are said to be equivalent, if

Length of both the pipes is same
Loss of head and velocity of flow in both the pipes is same
Diameter of both the pipes is same
Loss of head and discharge of both the pipes is same

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