Process Equipment and Plant Design
A forced circulation long tube vertical evaporator as compared to the natural circulation evaporator

Employs a centrifugal pump placed between external downtake from vapor drum and inlet to tube bundle
Is economical in operation
Both B & C
Employs high velocity, high heat transfer rate and less heating surface requirement

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the logarithmic mean temperature difference

Is always less than arithmetic average value
Is always more than arithmetic mean value and the geometric mean value
Is always less than arithmetic mean value, but more than geometric mean value
May be either more or less than geometric mean and arithmetic mean value depending upon whether the flow of stream is co-current or counter-current

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