System Analysis and Design
Data Definition Language (DDL)

specifies for the DBMS what is required; the techniques used to process data
determine how data must be structured to produce the user's view
all of the listed here
describes how data are structured in the data base

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.
assumes that the black box is independent
All of these
None of these
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP