System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.
all of the listed here
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity
to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed

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System Analysis and Design
System prototyping helps the designer in

all of the listed here
communicating to the user, quickly, how the system, when developed, will look like and get a feedback.
giving a demo of the software, to the system manager to whom he reports
making the programmers understand how the system will function.

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