Electrical Machines
A commutator in DC machines can 1. provide half-wave rectification 2. Provide full-wave rectification 3. convert ac to dc 4. Convert dc to ac 5. provide controlled full-wave rectification From these, the correct answer is

 2, 3, 4, 5
 2, 3, 4
 2, 3 ,5
 1, 2, 3

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Electrical Machines
Flashing the field of DC generator means

  making the magnetic losses forces parallel.
  creating residual magnetism by a DC source.
 increasing flux density by adding extra turns of winding.
  neutralising residual magnetism.

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