Mass Transfer
A coalescer in a mixer-settler liquid-liquid extraction coloumn

Helps in increasing the settling rate of the bubbles
Helps in increasing the bubble size entering the settler
Comprises of thin bed of substances of extended surface having high porosity
All of these

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Mass Transfer
McCabe-Thiele method

Can use any type of units
Uses molal units for material and energy balance
Is more accurate than Ponchan-Savarit method
Uses weight fractions to express liquid and vapour composition

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Mass Transfer
For absorbing a sparingly soluble gas in a liquid

Mass transfer co-efficient must be kept constant
Gas side mass transfer co-efficient should be increased
Liquid side mass transfer co-efficient should be increased
Liquid side mass transfer co-efficient should be decreased

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Mass Transfer
A distillation column with N plates is being operated under normal conditions. At some point of time, the operation is shifted to total reflux condition (i.e., no product and residue are being withdrawn and feed to the column is stopped). At the new steady state,

The top and bottom compositions correspond to the maximum enrichment available
Reboiler load and condenser load are minimum
Composition of vapors and that of liquid do not vary throughout the column
The top and bottom compositions are unchanged with and without total reflux

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