Measurement and Instrumentation
The measurement of a quantity

  is a comparison of an unknown quantity with standard.
 is a comparison of an unknown quantity with another quantity.
 is a comparison of an unknown quantity with known quantity.
 none of these.

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Measurement and Instrumentation
In measurement system, the function of the signal manipulating elements is to

 to perform non liner operation like clipping filtering, chopping and clamping.
 to perform linear operation like addition and multiplication.
 change the quantity under measurement to an analogues signal.
 change the magnitude of the input signal while retaining its identity.

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