Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The diagram factor is the ratio of the

Actual workdone per stroke to the theoretical workdone per stroke
Area of the actual indicator diagram to the area of theoretical indicator diagram
Any one of the above
Actual mean effective pressure to the theoretical mean effective pressure

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The function of a valve rod is

To convert reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank
To provide reciprocating motion to the slide valve
To convert rotary motion of the crankshaft into to and fro motion of the valve rod
To provide simple harmonic motion to the D-slide valve

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