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Petroleum Refinery Engineering

Petroleum Refinery Engineering
With increase in the molecular weight of aromatic present in kerosene, its smoking tendency

Remains same
Increases
Is unpredictable
Decreases

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Petroleum Refinery Engineering
Waxy crudes are treated with chemical additives mainly to

Depress its pour point
Remove wax
Precipitate wax
Dissolve wax

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Petroleum Refinery Engineering
Iso-octane is used as a reference substance in the definition of octane number and it is assigned an octane number value of 100. Iso-octance is chemically known as

1, 3 butadiene
α-methyl naphthalene
2-2-4 tri methyl pentane
Tetra methyl ethylene

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Petroleum Refinery Engineering
Tetra-ethyl lead is added in gasoline to

Reduce gum formation
Increase its octane number
Reduce the pour point
Increase its smoke point

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Petroleum Refinery Engineering
Though increased pressure has a retarding effect on cracking reaction, yet in actual process, a positive pressure of 10-15 kgf/cm² is maintained during cracking mainly to

Enhance the octane number of gasoline
Increase the yield of light distillates
Suppress coke formation
Reduce gum content in gasoline

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Petroleum Refinery Engineering
Diesel index is defined as

(°API) x (Aniline Point, °C)/100
(°API) x (Aniline Point, °F)/100
(°API) x (100)/Aniline Point, °C
(°API) x (100)/Aniline Point, °F

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