Computer Networking
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

All of these
reports error conditions to the original source, the source must relate errors to individual application programs and take action to correct the problem
provides communication between the Internet Protocol Software on one machine and the Internet Protocol Software on another
None of these
allows gateways to send error a control messages to other gateways or hosts

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Computer Networking
What is split horizon?

It splits the traffic when you have a large bus (horizon) physical network.
Information about a route should not be sent back in the direction from which the original update came.
It prevents regular update messages from reinstating a route that has gone down.
It holds the regular updates from broadcasting to a downed link.

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