Computer Networking
Which statement describes a spanning-tree network that has converged?

All switch and bridge ports are assigned as either root or designated ports.
All switch and bridge ports are either blocking or looping.
All switch and bridge ports are in the forwarding state.
All switch and bridge ports are in either the forwarding or blocking state.

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Computer Networking
You save the configuration on a router with the copy running-config startup-config command and reboot the router. The router, however, comes up with a blank configuration. What can the problem be?

The newly upgraded IOS is not compatible with the hardware of the router.
You didn
NVRAM is corrupted.
The configuration register setting is incorrect.

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Computer Networking
The network layer, in reference to the OSI model, provide

All of these
data link procedures that provide for the exchange of data via frames that can be sent and received
the interface between the X.25 network and packet mode device
the virtual circuit interface to packet-switched service
None of these

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