Computer Networking
Which of the following technique is used for encapsulation?

All of these
a technique used by protocols in which a lower level protocol accepts a message from a higher level protocol and places it in the data portion of the low level frame.
One of the pieces that results when an IP gateway divides an IP datagram into smaller pieces for transmission across a network that cannot handle the original datagram size
None of these
a technique used in best-effort delivery systems to avoid endlessly looping packets.

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Computer Networking
CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) is

network access standard for connecting stations to a circuit-switched network
a method of determining which device has access to the transmission medium at any time
a very common bit-oriented data link protocol issued by ISO.
None of these
a method access control technique for multiple-access transmission media.

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Computer Networking
A T-switch is used to

rearrange the connections between computing equipment
None of these
control how messages are passed between computers
transmit characters one at a time
echo every character that is received

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Computer Networking
Two connected routers are configured with RIP routing. What will be the result when a router receives a routing update that contains a higher-cost path to a network already in its routing table?

The updated information will replace the existing routing table entry.
They will all load-balance.
The update will be ignored and no further action will occur.
The updated information will be added to the existing routing table.
The existing routing table entry will be deleted from the routing table and all routers will exchange routing updates to reach convergence.

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