Operating System (OS)
The Memory Buffer Register (MBR)

is a hardware memory device which denotes the location of the current instruction being executed.
contains the address of the memory location that is to be read from or stored into.
contains a copy of the designated memory location specified by the MAR after a "read" or the new contents of the memory prior to a "write".
None of these
is a group of electrical circuits (hardware), that performs the intent of instructions fetched from memory.

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Operating System (OS)
Semaphores

None of these
synchronize critical resources to prevent contention
are used to do I/O
are used for memory management
synchronize critical resources to prevent deadlock

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