Electrical Machines
The synchronous reactance( Xs) is the

 combined reactance due to armature reaction and leakage flux
 reactance either due to armature reaction or leakage flux
 reactance due to armature reaction of the machine
 reactance due to leakage flux

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Electrical Machines
In a loaded DC generator, if the brushes are given a shift from the interpolar axis in the direction of rotation, then the commutation will

 deteriorate with rise in terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with fall of terminal voltage.
 improve with fall of terminal voltage.
 improve with rise in terminal voltage.

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