Language Processors
Assembler is

is a program that appears to execute a source program as if it were machine language
a program that accepts a program written in a high level language and produces an object program
a program that automate the translation of assembly language into machine language
a program that places programs into memory and prepares them for execution

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Language Processors
In analyzing the compilation of PL/I program, the term "Machine independent optimization" is associated with

recognition of basic elements and creation of uniform symbols
use of macro processor to produce more optimal assembly code
recognition of basic syntactic constructs through reductions
creation of more optional matrix

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