Managing Multiuser Databases
Which of the following occurs when a transaction rereads data it has previously read and finds modification or deletions caused by a committed transaction?

Nonrepeatable read
Phantom read
Consistent read
Dirty read

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Managing Multiuser Databases
The advantage of optimistic locking is that:

the lock never needs to be obtained.
the lock is obtained before the transaction has processed.
the lock is obtained only after the transaction has processed.
transactions that are best suited are those with a lot of activity.

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